Atg4B (D1G2R) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody#13507,Cell Signaling Technology (CST),13507

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. Control of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and involves proteins encoded by a set of autophagy-related genes (Atg) (1). Formation of autophagic vesicles requires a pair of essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE), which are widely conserved in eukaryotes (2). Numerous mammalian counterparts to yeast Atg proteins have been described, including three Atg8 proteins (GATE-16, GABARAP, and LC3) and four Atg4 homologs (Atg4A/autophagin-2, Atg4B/autophagin-1, Atg4C/autophagin-3, and Atg4D/autophagin-4) (3-5). The cysteine protease Atg4 is pivotal to autophagosome membrane generation and regulation. Atg4 primes the Atg8 homolog for lipidation by cleaving its carboxy terminus and exposing its glycine residue for E1-like enzyme Atg7. The Atg8 homolog is transferred to the E2-like enzyme Atg3 before forming the Atg8-PE conjugate. During later stages of autophagy, Atg4 can reverse this lipidation event by cleaving PE, thereby recycling the Atg8 homolog (6).While Atg4B displays a broad specificity for Atg8 homologues, it preferentially cleaves LC3 (7-9). Mutation in the correspondingAtg4Bgene can be associated with strong inhibition of autophagosome formation. An excess of inactive Atg4B blocks lipidation of Atg8 homologues and inhibits autophagy. This makes Atg4B a potential tool for characterization of the isolation membrane and other autophagy studies (10,11).Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002)Eukaryot Cell1, 11-21.Ohsumi, Y. (2001)Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol2, 211-6.Kabeya, Y. et al. (2000)EMBO J19, 5720-8.Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004)J Cell Sci117, 2805-12.Mariño, G. et al. (2003)J Biol Chem278, 3671-8.Sou, Y.S. et al. (2008)Mol Biol Cell19, 4762-75.Hemelaar, J. et al. (2003)J Biol Chem278, 51841-50.Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004)J Cell Sci117, 2805-12.Tanida, I. et al. (2004)J Biol Chem279, 36268-76.Fujita, N. et al. (2008)Mol Biol Cell19, 4651-9.Fujita, N. et al. (2009)Autophagy5, 88-9.Alternate NamesAPG4 autophagy 4 homolog B; APG4B; ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B; ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae); ATG4B; AUT-like 1 cysteine endopeptidase; AUTL1; Autophagin-1; autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; Autophagy-related cysteine endopeptidase 1; Autophagy-related protein 4 homolog B; Cysteine protease ATG4B; hAPG4B; KIAA0943; MGC1353

APG4 autophagy 4 homolog B; APG4B; ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B; ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae); ATG4B; AUT-like 1 cysteine endopeptidase; AUTL1; Autophagin-1; autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; Autophagy-related cysteine endopeptidase 1; Autophagy-related protein 4 homolog B; Cysteine protease ATG4B; hAPG4B; KIAA0943; MGC1353