PE anti-S100A8 Antibody, S100A8, A22124B,BioLegend,377105

S100A8 is a member of the S100/calgranulin family of proteins containing 2EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100A8 is mainly expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage and is present in circulating neutrophils and monocytes. S100A8 expression is also transiently induced in keratinocytes after epidermal injury and in psoriasis where pro-inflammatory cytokines induce its expression. S100A8 is mostly cytoplasmic, but can be translocated to the plasma membrane or released into the extracellular environment upon cellular activation. S100A8 preferentially interacts with S100A9 to form a heterodimer S100A8/A9, also known as calprotectin. S100A8/A9 functions as a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. The extracellular functions of S100A8/A9 also include the recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. S100A8/A9 displays apoptosis-inducing activity against various tumor cells and also has antimicrobial activity by depriving bacterial pathogens of essential trace metals such as Zn2+and Mn2+.