Purified anti-HMGB1 Antibody, HMGB1, A15164F,BioLegend,641251

High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins that contain HMG box domains. Human HMGB1 is 100% identical to the sequence of canine HMGB1, and 99% identical to mouse, rat, bovine and porcine HMGB1. HMGB1 is a widely expressed and highly abundant protein. It was originally discovered as a nuclear protein but is now known to also be secreted and play a significant role in extracellular signaling as a proinflammatory cytokine. It acts as an inflammatory mediator that promotes monocyte migration, cytokine secretion, and mediate T cell-dendritic cell interaction. In addition, activated monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells also secrete HMGB1, forming a positive feedback loop that results in the release of additional cytokines and neutrophils.  The cytokine activity of HMGB1 is restricted to the HMG B box, while the A box is associated with the helix-loop-helix domain of transcription factors. Although HMGB1 does not possess a classic signal sequence, it appears to be secreted as an acetylated form via secretory endolysosome exocytosis. Once secreted, HMGB1 transduces cellular signals through its high affinity receptor, RAGE and, possibly, TLR2 and TLR4.