Purified anti-SAMHD1 Antibody, W19081C,BioLegend,941001

SAMHD1 is a host defense factor involved in the innate immune response to viral infections, including HIV-1. Through its dNTPase activity, SAMHD1 disrupts viral genome replication by depleting available pools of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) for viral reverse transcription in dendritic and myeloid cells. In addition to its role in innate immune defense, SAMHD1 also plays an essential role in preserving genome stability through maintaining balanced dNTP pools. Independently of its dNTPase activity, SAMHD1 is required for resection of stalled, gapped, or reversed DNA replication forks by stimulating the exonuclease activity of MRE11. SAMHD1-deficient cells show increased dNTPs and genome instability, and an increased accumulation of G1-positive cells. These cells also accumulate single-strand DNA fragments in the cytosol, leading to the induction of pro-inflammatory type 1 interferons through the cGAS-STING pathway. Mutations in the SAMHD1 are found in many cancers, as well as the severe congenital inflammatory disease Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome.