SMAD3 (C67H9) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor^®488 Conjugate)#31626,Cell Signaling Technology (CST),31626

Members of the SMAD family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmit TGF-β signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of SMADs have been defined: the receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), which include SMAD1, 2, 3, 5, and 9; the common-mediator SMAD (co-SMAD), SMAD4; and the antagonistic or inhibitory SMADs (I-SMADs), SMAD6 and 7 (1-5). Activated type I receptors associate with specific R-SMADs and phosphorylate them on a conserved carboxy-terminal SSXS motif. The phosphorylated R-SMADs dissociate from the receptor and form a heteromeric complex with SMAD4, initiating translocation of the heteromeric SMAD complex to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, SMADs recruit a variety of DNA binding proteins that function to regulate transcriptional activity (6-8).Following stimulation by TGF-β, Smad2 and Smad3 become phosphorylated at their carboxyl termini (Ser465 and 467 on Smad2; Ser423 and 425 on Smad3) by TGF-β Receptor I. Phosphorylated Smad2/3 can complex with Smad4, translocate to the nucleus, and regulate gene expression (9-11).Heldin, C.H. et al. (1997)Nature390, 465-71.Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (1998)Curr Opin Cell Biol10, 188-94.Derynck, R. et al. (1998)Cell95, 737-40.Massagué, J. (1998)Annu Rev Biochem67, 753-91.Whitman, M. (1998)Genes Dev12, 2445-62.Wrana, J.L. (2000)Sci STKE2000, re1.Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (2002)Science296, 1646-7.Moustakas, A. et al. (2001)J Cell Sci114, 4359-69.Abdollah, S. et al. (1997)J Biol Chem272, 27678-85.Souchelnytskyi, S. et al. (1997)J Biol Chem272, 28107-15.Liu, X. et al. (1997)Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A94, 10669-74.Alternate NamesDKFZp586N0721; DKFZp686J10186; hMAD-3; hSMAD3; HSPC193; HsT17436; JV15-2; LDS1C; LDS3; MAD homolog 3; mad homolog JV15-2; mad protein homolog; MAD, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Mad3; MADH3; MGC60396; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Mothers against DPP homolog 3; SMA- and MAD-related protein 3; SMAD 3; SMAD family member 3; SMAD, mothers against DPP homolog 3; SMAD3

DKFZp586N0721; DKFZp686J10186; hMAD-3; hSMAD3; HSPC193; HsT17436; JV15-2; LDS1C; LDS3; MAD homolog 3; mad homolog JV15-2; mad protein homolog; MAD, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Mad3; MADH3; MGC60396; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Mothers against DPP homolog 3; SMA- and MAD-related protein 3; SMAD 3; SMAD family member 3; SMAD, mothers against DPP homolog 3; SMAD3