TNF-alpha (D2D4) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody#11948,Cell Signaling Technology (CST),11948

TNF-α, the prototypical member of the TNF protein superfamily, is a homotrimeric type-II membrane protein (1,2). Membrane-bound TNF-α is cleaved by the metalloprotease TACE/ADAM17 to generate a soluble homotrimer (2). Both membrane and soluble forms of TNF-α are biologically active. TNF-α is produced by a variety of immune cells including T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages (1). Cellular response to TNF-α is mediated through interaction with receptors TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 and results in activation of pathways that favor both cell survival and apoptosis depending on the cell type and biological context. Activation of kinase pathways (including JNK, Erk1/2, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB) promotes the survival of cells, while TNF-α-mediated activation of caspase-8 leads to programmed cell death (1,2). TNF-α plays a key regulatory role in inflammation and host defense against bacterial infection, notablyMycobacterium tuberculosis(3).Mouse and rat TNF-α are predicted to be glycosylated, while human TNF-α is not (4).Aggarwal, B.B. (2003)Nat Rev Immunol3, 745-56.Hehlgans, T. and Pfeffer, K. (2005)Immunology115, 1-20.Lin, P.L. et al. (2007)J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc12, 22-5.Pennica, D. et al. (1985)Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A82, 6060-4.Alternate NamesC-domain 1; C-domain 2; Cachectin; DIF; ICD1; ICD2; Intracellular domain 1; Intracellular domain 2; MGC151434; N-terminal fragment; NTF; Tnf; TNF alpha; TNF-; TNF-a; TNF-alpha; Tnfa; TNFalpha; Tnfs; Tnfsf1a; Tnfsf2; Tnlg1f; Tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor alpha; tumor necrosis factor ligand 1f; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form

C-domain 1; C-domain 2; Cachectin; DIF; ICD1; ICD2; Intracellular domain 1; Intracellular domain 2; MGC151434; N-terminal fragment; NTF; Tnf; TNF alpha; TNF-; TNF-a; TNF-alpha; Tnfa; TNFalpha; Tnfs; Tnfsf1a; Tnfsf2; Tnlg1f; Tumor necrosis factor; tumor necrosis factor alpha; tumor necrosis factor ligand 1f; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form