Search results for TNF
TNF-alpha, Human, mAb 4H31, Hycult Biotech, HM2009
The antibody reacts with human native and recombinant TNF-alpha as assessed by ELISA. The antibody inhibits the biological activity of human native and recombinant TNF-alpha as determined with L929 cells in a cytotoxicity assay. The antibody cross reacts with rhesus and cynomolgus natural TNF-alpha and lacks crossreactivity with human lymphotoxin.
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-alpha, Human, mAb 52B83, Hycult Biotech, HM2010
The monoclonal antibody 52B83 specifically targets tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a crucial protein in immune responses and inflammation. TNF-alpha, a 17 kDa homotrimeric protein, interacts with TNF-receptors I and II, initiating varied cellular signaling pathways. Initially recognized for its anti-tumor effects, TNF-alpha destroys tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro, causing tumor necrosis and demonstrating cytolytic activity. Beyond its role in tumor biology, TNF-alpha stands at the center of many inflammatory and immunological processes. It responds to microbial products and other cytokines by triggering a broad cytokine response, illustrating its key position in inflammation. TNF-alpha’s pro-inflammatory actions are particularly significant in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Neutralizing TNF-alpha has proven beneficial, offering therapeutic potential in such conditions. The 52B83 antibody’s interaction with TNF-alpha opens new avenues for treatment in autoimmune diseases, highlighting the importance of targeted therapies. This insight reinforces TNF-alpha’s vital role in immunology and inflammation research.
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-alpha, Human, mAb 5N, Hycult Biotech, HM2218
The monoclonal antibody 5N reacts with Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a homotrimeric 17 KD protein, is a potent mediator of inflammatory and metabolic functions. TNF-alpha was originally detected as a highly cytotoxic cytokine for tumor cells, it causes tumor necrosis in vivo and shows cytolytic activity against tumor cells in vitro. Further TNF-alpha has been implied as central mediator in shock induced by gram negative micro-organisms. The cytokine TNF-alpha is found to be a central mediator in many inflammatory and immunological processes: it can be induced by various products of micro-organisms and by various cytokines but it also induces on its turn the production of many cytokines. Signal transduction occurs via two types of TNF-receptors, the TNF-receptors I and II. The receptors differ strongly in their intra-cellular signaling pathways. The TNF-alpha trimer interacts with either of the two types of TNF-R leading to receptor cross-linking. The monoclonal antibody 5N cross-reacts and cross-neutralizes all monkey species TNF-alpha, except pig-tail macaque. With affinity about two orders lower it recognizes bovine and canine TNF-alpha.
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-alpha, Human, mAb T1, Hycult Biotech, HM2024
The antibody reacts with free soluble (17 kDa) and membrane (26 kDa) human TNF-alpha. The antibody inhibits the biological activity of both forms. It does not react with receptor bound TNF-alpha. It can be a useful tool to discriminate between the membrane form of TNF expressed on producer cells and the proteolytically cleaved, soluble TNF-alpha bound to its cognate cell membrane receptors (TNF-RI and TNF-RII). For this purpose we recommend to use this antibody in combination with the anti-TNF-alpha antibody HM2026, which recognizes soluble, membrane and receptor bound TNF-alpha.
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-alpha, Human, mAb T3, Hycult Biotech, HM2026
The antibody reacts with free soluble (17 kDa) and membrane (26 kDa) human TNF-alpha. The antibody inhibits the biological activity of soluble and membrane TNF-alpha. The antibody can be a useful tool to discriminate between receptor bound soluble (17 kDa) and the membrane (26 kDa) form of TNF-alpha. For this purpose we recommend to use this antibody in combination with the anti-TNF-alpha antibody HM2024, which recognizes only soluble and membrane TNF-alpha, but not the receptor bound TNF-alpha.
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-alpha, Mouse, mAb V1q, Hycult Biotech, HM1021
The monoclonal antibody V1q recognizes mouse tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α is the prototype cytokine of the family of TNF-related ligands, which are based on structural and functional homologies. TNF-α is synthesized as type II transmembrane protein. TNF-α can be recognized by two different membrane receptors, namely TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. TNF-α is present in a membrane-bound (tmTNF) as well as soluble form (sTNF). The membrane-bound form of TNF-α is recognized by both TNF receptors with high affinity, whereas the soluble form is recognized more superiorly by TNF-R1. TNF-α is produced by many different cell types including macrophages, T lymphocytes, NK cells, neutrophils and endothelial cells. Cells differ in the expression of the two TNF-receptors and sTNF versus tmTNF, respectively. TNF-α, a homotrimeric 17 kDa protein, is a potent mediator of inflammatory and metabolic functions. TNF-α was originally detected as a highly cytotoxic cytokine for tumor cells, it causes tumor necrosis in vivo and shows cytolytic activity against tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, TNF-α has been implied as central mediator in shock induced by gram negative micro-organisms. TNF-α induces on its turn the production of many other cytokines. Furthermore, TNF-α has been found in inflammatory foci such as synovial effusions in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic circulation in septic shock, parasitemia and rejection of renal transplants. The monoclonal antibody V1q recognizes both natural and recombinant TNF-α and shows neutralizing activity.
Host
Mouse
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-RI, Human, mAb H398, Hycult Biotech, HM2020
The monoclonal antibody H398 recognizes the extracellular part of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor type I (TNF-RI) of the membrane-bound as well as the soluble receptor. TNF-RI (~55-60 kDa) is present on most cell types and is considered to play a prominent role in cell stimulation by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha activates inflammatory responses, induces apoptosis, regulates cellular proliferation, and may even promote cancer progression. The effects of TNF-alpha are mediated by TNF-RI and TNF-RII, which have both distinct and overlapping downstream signaling cascades. Induction of cytotoxicity and other functions are mediated largely via TNF-RI. TNF-RI is equally well activated by both the 17 kDa soluble and 26 kDa membrane-bound form, whereas TNF-RII is efficiently activated only by the membrane bound form of TNF-alpha. TNF-RI signaling is initiated when trimeric TNF-alpha binds TNF-RI receptors. Subsequent TNF-RI trimerization promotes the recruitment of a proximal signaling complex composed of TNF Receptor Associated protein with a Death Domain (TRADD), Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP), cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1 (cIAP1), TNF Receptor Associated Factor 2 (TRAF2), and likely TRAF5. Studies with TNF-RI-deficient mice indicate that TNF-RI mediates most of the proliferation, pro-inflammatory, and apoptosis-activating pathways.
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb HM104, Hycult Biotech, HM1009
TNF-RI (~55-60 kDa) is present on most cell types and is considered to play a prominent role in cell stimulation by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha activates inflammatory responses, induces apoptosis, regulates cellular proliferation, and may even promote cancer progression. The effects of TNF-alpha are mediated by TNF-RI and TNF-RII, which have both distinct and overlapping downstream signaling cascades. Induction of cytotoxicity and other functions are mediated largely via TNF-RI. TNF-RI is equally well activated by both the 17 kDa soluble and 26 kDa membrane-bound form, whereas TNF-RII is efficiently activated only by the membrane bound form of TNF-alpha. TNF-RI signaling is initiated when trimeric TNF-alpha binds TNF-RI receptors. Subsequent TNF-RI trimerization promotes the recruitment of a proximal signaling complex composed of TNF Receptor Associated protein with a Death Domain (TRADD), Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP), cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1 (cIAP1), TNF Receptor Associated Factor 2 (TRAF2), and likely TRAF5. Studies with TNF-RI-deficient mice indicate that TNF-RI mediates most of the proliferation, pro-inflammatory, and apoptosis-activating pathways.
Host
Mouse
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-RII, Human, mAb 80M2, Hycult Biotech, HM2022
The monoclonal antibody 80M2 recognizes the extracellular part of- membrane-bound TNF-RII as well as- the soluble form of TNF-RII which is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain. The soluble form can still bind TNF-alpha with high affinity and functions as a TNF-alpha antagonist.- TNF-alpha is an important signaling protein in the immune system which can activate inflammatory responses, induce apoptosis, regulate cellular proliferation, and may even promote cancer progression. TNF-alpha can bind to two structurally distinct membrane receptors, TNF-RI and TNF-RII, which have both distinct and overlapping downstream signaling cascades. TNFRI is believed to be expressed on nearly all cell types, whereas TNFRII exhibits more restricted expression, being found on certain subpopulations of immune cells and several other cell types. A dominant role of TNF-RII has been shown in thymocyte activation by TNF-alpha, whereas induction of cytotoxicity and other functions are mediated largely by TNF-RI. TNF-RI is equally well activated by both the 17 kDa soluble and 26 kDa membrane-bound form, whereas TNF-RII is activated only by the membrane bound form of TNF-alpha. The antibody is a non-agonistic receptor modulating antibody. It enhances in vitro TNF alpha responses by increasing the affinity of the soluble form of TNF-alpha for TNF-RII.
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
TNF-RII, Mouse, mAb HM102, Hycult Biotech, HM1011
The soluble form can still bind TNF-alpha with high affinity and functions as a TNF-alpha antagonist. TNF-alpha is an important signalling protein in the immune system which can activate inflammatory responses, induce apoptosis, regulate cellular proliferation, and may even promote cancer progression. TNF-alpha can bind to two structurally distinct membrane receptors, TNF-RI and TNFRII, which have both distinct and overlapping downstream signaling cascades. TNFRI is believed to be expressed on nearly all cell types, whereas TNFRII exhibits more restricted expression, being found on certain subpopulations of immune cells and several other cell types. A dominant role of TNFRII has been shown in thymocyte activation by TNF-alpha, whereas induction of cytotoxicity and other functions are mediated largely by TNF-RI. TNF-RI is equally well activated by both the 17 kDa soluble and 26 kDa membrane-bound form, whereas TNF-RII is activated only by the membrane bound form of TNF-alpha. The antibody is a agonistic receptor modulating antibody. It enhances in vitro TNF alpha responses by increasing the affinity of the soluble form of TNF-alpha for TNF-RII.
Host
Mouse
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
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