Search results for C3b
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Biotin Anti-C3/C3b antibody [EPR19394], Abcam, AB322300
Patented technology Our RabMAb ® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb ® patents . What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody? This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including: - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility - Improved sensitivity and specificity - Long-term security of supply - Animal-free batch production For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies .
Host
Rabbit
Reactivity
Mouse, Rat
Applications
WB, IHC-P
Conjugation
Biotin
C3b/iC3b/C3d, Human, mAb 1H8, Hycult Biotech, HM2287
The Critical Role of C3b/iC3b/C3d in the Complement System Activation C3 plays a crucial role in our immune system, ensuring it functions correctly through two main pathways: the classical and the alternative pathway. People with insufficient C3 have a higher risk of contracting bacterial infections. This fact underscores the importance of C3 components, namely C3b, iC3b, and C3d, in defending our bodies against infections. C3-convertase and Its Impact on C3b/iC3b/C3d Formation A heterodimer of activated C4 and C2 forms one form of C3-convertase, known as C4b2a. This enzyme plays a crucial role in actively cleaving C3 into C3a and C3b during activation in both the classical and lectin pathways. C3a acts as an anaphylotoxin and a precursor to cytokines like ASP, while C3b functions as an opsonizing agent. Factor I actively cleaves C3b into C3c and C3d, a process that significantly enhances B cell responses. This underscores the essential roles of C3b, iC3b, and C3d in the immune system. Alternative Pathway and the Dynamics of C3b/iC3b/C3d In the alternative complement pathway, C3 is cleaved by C3bBb, another form of C3-convertase, consisting of activated C3 (C3b) and factor B (Bb). The activation of C3 to C3b reveals a reactive thioester, crucial for its binding to various surfaces. The complex C3bBb, known as the alternative pathway C3 convertase, plays a significant role in this process. Regulation and Clinical Implications of C3b/iC3b/C3d The process to turn off C3bBb, a part of our immune system, involves a few steps. First, a part of it called Bb is removed by something called decay-accelerating factor (DAF). Then, C3b, which is a piece of C3bBb, gets broken down into smaller pieces. It first turns into iC3b, then into C3c and C3dg, and finally into C3d. This breaking down is helped by Factor I and CR1. This whole process of breaking down C3b into smaller parts is really important for controlling how active our immune system is. Checking the levels of C3 in the blood, including its parts like C3b, iC3b, and C3d, is really helpful for doctors. It can give them clues about certain health problems. For example, if someone has low levels of C3, it might mean they have a specific type of kidney disease such as post-infectious glomerulonephritis or shunt nephritis. So, these parts of C3 are really important for figuring out certain medical conditions. Not sure which C3 antibody to use? With numerous options available, it is essential to select the right C3 antibody to ensure the success of your research. We designed a guide to assist you in making an informed decision: Go to our C3 researcher’s guide and choose the right antibody
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
C3b/iC3b/C3c, Mouse, mAb 2/11, Hycult Biotech, HM1065
The monocolonal antibody 2/11 recognizes activated fragments of the mouse complement protein C3. The complement system is an important part of the humoral response in innate immunity, consisting of three different pathways. The third complement component, C3, is central to the classical, alternative and lectin pathways of complement activation. Activation products of the complement cascade contain neo-epitopes that are not present in the individual native components. The synthesis of C3 is tissue-specific and is modulated in response to a variety of stimulatory agents. C3 is the most abundant protein of the complement system with serum protein levels of about 1.3 mg/ml. An inherited deficiency of C3 predisposes the person to frequent assaults of bacterial infections. In ulcerative colitis, and idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease, the deposition of C3 in the diseased mucosa has been reported. Proteolysis by certain enzymes results in the cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b. C3b becomes attached to immune complexes and is further cleaved into iC3b, C3c, C3dg and C3f. The monoclonal antibody 2/11 is specific for cleaved C3 fragments C3b, iC3b, and C3c, and for activated C3. Therefore, positive reactivity in tissues is associated with activation of he complement cascade and C3 cleavage. In case of an acute inflammatory reaction lots of C3 are processed into the products recognized by 2/11 and is as such useful as marker for inflammatory reaction. In chronic inflammatory conditions minimal reactivity with 2/11 may observed. In such cases primarily the C3dg product resides at the place of inflammation (C3c being cleared) which is not recognized by antibody 2/11. The chronic processing/activation of C3 is taking place at a lower level, which would reduce detection of the C3 fragments C3b, iC3b, and C3c. Next to detection of C3 fragments C3b, iC3b, and C3c, the monoclonal antibody 2/11 inhibits the hemolytic activity of mouse complement in a dose-dependent manner.
Host
Mouse
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
C3b/iC3b/C3c, Mouse, mAb 3/26, Hycult Biotech, HM1078
The monoclonal antibody 3/26 recognizes mouse complement protein activated C3 fragments C3b, iC3b, and C3c. The complement system is an important factor in innate immunity. The third complement component, C3, is central to the classical, alternative and lectin pathways of complement activation. C3 is the most abundant protein of the complement system with serum protein levels of about 1.3 mg/ml. Proteolysis by certain enzymes results in the cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b. C3b becomes attached to immune complexes and is further cleaved into iC3b, C3c, C3dg and C3f. Activation products of the complement cascade contain neo-epitopes that are not present in the individual native components. The synthesis of C3 is tissue-specific and is modulated in response to a variety of stimulatory agents. An inherited deficiency of C3 predisposes the person to frequent assaults of bacterial infections. In ulcerative colitis, and idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease, the deposition of C3 in the diseased mucosa has been reported. The monoclonal antibody 3/26 preferably recognizes cleaved C3 fragments C3b, iC3b, and C3c. In case of an acute inflammatory reaction lots of C3 are processed into the products recognized by 3/26 and is as such useful as marker for inflammatory reaction. In chronic inflammatory conditions minimal reactivity with 3/26 may observed. In such cases primarily the C3dg product resides at the place of inflammation (C3c being cleared) which is not recognized by antibody 3/26. The chronic processing/activation of C3 is taking place at a lower level, which would reduce detection of the C3 fragments C3b, iC3b, and C3c.
Host
Mouse
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
Human Inactivated Complement C3b (iC3b) ELISA Kit, Abbexa, abx352142
Human Inactivated Complement C3b (iC3b) ELISA Kit is an ELISA Kit for the in vitro quantitative measurement of Human Inactivated Complement C3b (iC3b) concentrations in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Host
Reactivity
Human
Applications
ELISA
Conjugation
C3/C3b/iC3b (alpha chain), Human, clone 18.1, Hycult Biotech, HM2389
The complement system is a key part of our immune system, helping to fight infections and protect the body. It reacts quickly to germs, even before our main immune response kicks in. This system is made up of many proteins and receptors, such as C3, C3b, and iC3b, which are found in the blood, tissues, and different body fluids. Exploring the Three Pathways of Complement Activation The complement system can be activated in three different ways. First, the classical pathway starts when immune complexes are present. Second, the lectin pathway begins with lectins attached to surfaces. Third, the alternative pathway (AP) is triggered on unprotected surfaces. All these pathways create a special enzyme called C3 convertase. This enzyme is important because it cuts the main protein, C3, into a smaller piece known as C3b. The C3 and C5 convertases are enzymatic complexes that initiate and amplify the activity of the complement pathways, leading to the generation of the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC). The synthesis of C3, including its forms C3b and iC3b, is tissue-specific and modulated in response to various stimulatory agents. Upon cleavage by C3 convertase, the anaphylotoxin C3a and the activating fragment C3b are formed. C3b, when bound to the cell surface, initiates the terminal pathway of complement by forming the C5 convertase. Understanding C3, C3b, and iC3b: Crucial Components of Immune Defense C3, with a molecular weight of approximately 185kDa, is the most abundant protein in the complement system, featuring serum protein levels of about 1.3 mg/ml. Primarily produced by the liver, C3, as well as its derivatives C3b and iC3b, are also synthesized in macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial, and epithelial cells. Due to its high levels in circulation and low biological reactivity, C3/C3b/iC3b acts swiftly and potently in response to dangers, such as pathogen encounters. However, defects in C3/C3b/iC3b can be detrimental, leading to recurrent infections or autoimmune diseases. C3 deficiency is uncommon, but it does happen. This deficiency affects how well C3b and iC3b work. It leads to frequent infections and problems with the development of immune cells. Polymorphisms in C3 have been associated with conditions like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Beyond pathogen clearance, C3/C3b/iC3b plays a vital role in the removal of circulating immune complexes, aiding the phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Malfunctions in this system can lead to autoimmune diseases and complement deposition in tissues. Not sure which C3 antibody to use? With numerous options available, it is essential to select the right C3 antibody to ensure the success of your research. We designed a guide to assist you in making an informed decision: Go to our C3 researcher’s guide and choose the right antibody
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
C3, C3b, iC3b, C3c, Human, clone C3-16.4, Hycult Biotech, HM2401
Understanding the Complement System: Focus on C3, C3b, iC3b, and C3c The complement system is a critical component of both innate and adaptive immune responses. It initiates an inflammatory and protective reaction to pathogens, providing an early line of defense before an adaptive immune response is generated. This system comprises a complex family of proteins and receptors present in circulation, tissues, and various body fluids. Among these, the components C3, C3b, iC3b, and C3c play pivotal roles. Pathways of Complement Activation: The Role of C3 and Its Fragments Activation of the complement system can occur through three pathways: the classical pathway, triggered by immune complexes; the lectin pathway, initiated by surface-bound lectins; and the alternative pathway (AP), activated by surfaces not specifically protected against it. Each pathway leads to the formation of a C3 convertase, a serine protease that cleaves the central complement protein C3. This cleavage generates the major fragment C3b, a key player in the complement cascade. The Dynamics of C3, C3b, iC3b, and C3c in Immune Response The C3 and C5 convertases are enzymatic complexes that drive the activity of complement pathways, culminating in the formation of the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC). C3 synthesis is tissue-specific and modulated by various stimuli. Upon cleavage by C3 convertase, C3a and C3b are formed, with C3b capable of undergoing further degradation into iC3b, C3c, C3dg, and C3d in the presence of complement regulatory molecules. C3c: A Stable Biomarker in Complement-Mediated Immunity Unlike other C3 fragments, C3c does not bind to structures like pathogens, cell surfaces, or plasma proteins, making it a stable and reliable complement biomarker. It remains solely in the fluid phase, free from interference by other C3-based products. C3 is mainly produced by the liver, but also by macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial, and epithelial cells. Its high levels in circulation and low biological reactivity enable a rapid and potent response to threats like pathogens. Clinical Implications of C3 and Its Fragments Deficiencies or defects in C3 can lead to recurrent infections or autoimmune diseases. C3 deficiency, though rare, results in recurrent infections and impaired immune cell development. Polymorphisms in C3 are linked to diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Beyond pathogen clearance, C3 and its fragments assist in the removal of immune complexes, aiding macrophage phagocytic capacity. Dysfunctions in this system can lead to autoimmune diseases and complement deposition in tissues. Not sure which C3 antibody to use? With numerous options available, it is essential to select the right C3 antibody to ensure the success of your research. We designed a guide to assist you in making an informed decision: Go to our C3 researcher’s guide and choose the right antibody
Host
Human
Reactivity
Applications
Conjugation
Anti-C3b / iC3b antibody [1H8] - BSA and Azide free, Abcam, AB234631
ab234631 is the carrier-free version of ab231080 . Want a custom formulation? This antibody clone is manufactured by Abcam. If you require a custom buffer formulation or conjugation for your experiments, please contact [email protected] Conjugation ready Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications. Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold. Compatibility This product is compatible with the Maxpar ® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar ® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.
Host
Mouse
Reactivity
Human
Applications
WB, ELISA
Conjugation
Anti-C3b / iC3b antibody [7C12] - BSA and Azide free, Abcam, AB234629
ab234629 is the carrier-free version of ab231078 . Want a custom formulation? This antibody clone is manufactured by Abcam. If you require a custom buffer formulation or conjugation for your experiments, please contact [email protected] Conjugation ready Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications. Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold. Compatibility This product is compatible with the Maxpar ® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar ® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.
Host
Mouse
Reactivity
Human
Applications
ELISA, WB
Conjugation
Anti-C3/C3b antibody [EPR24042-153] - BSA and Azide free (Detector), Abcam, AB277657
ab277657 is a BSA and Azide Free antibody supplied in an unconjugated format and it is suitable for sandwich ELISAs to quantify Human C3. The recommended pair for sandwich ELISA is: Capture: ab277656 , Human C3 Capture Antibody (unconjugated) Detector: ab277657, Human C3 Detector Antibody (unconjugated) The reference range value is 19.53-2500 pg/mL. Patented technology Our RabMAb ® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb ® patents . What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody? This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including: - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility - Improved sensitivity and specificity - Long-term security of supply - Animal-free batch production For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies . Conjugation ready Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications. Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold. Sandwich ELISA The recommended antibody orientation is based on internal optimization for ELISA-based assays. Antibody orientation is assay dependent and needs to be optimized for each assay type. Please note that the range provided for this antibody is only an estimation based on the performance of the product using the recommended antibody pair. Performance of the antibody pair will depend on the specific characteristics of your assay. We guarantee the product works in sandwich ELISA, but we do not guarantee the sensitivity or dynamic range of the antibody in your assay.
Host
Rabbit
Reactivity
Human
Applications
sELISA
Conjugation
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