Biosimilar Antibodies

Etanercept Biosimilar – Anti-TNF mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1015

Description of Etanercept Biosimilar - Anti-TNF mAb - Research Grade General information about Etanercept Etanercept is a biopharmaceutical that treats autoimmune diseases by interfering with tumor necrosis factor (TNF, a soluble inflammatory cytokine) by acting as a TNF inhibitor. It has U.S. F.D.A. approval to treat rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis. TNF-alpha is the “master regulator” of the inflammatory (immune) response in many organ systems. Autoimmune diseases are caused by an overactive immune response. Etanercept has the potential to treat these diseases by inhibiting TNF-alpha. Etanercept is a fusion protein produced by recombinant DNA. It fuses the TNF receptor to the constant end of the IgG1 antibody. First, the developers isolated the DNA sequence that codes the human gene for soluble TNF receptor 2, which is a receptor that binds to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Second, they isolated the DNA sequence that codes the human gene for the Fc end of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Third, they linked the DNA for TNF receptor 2 to the DNA for IgG1 Fc. Finally, they expressed the linked DNA to produce a protein that links the protein for TNF receptor 2 to the protein for IgG1 Fc. It is a large molecule, with a molecular weight of 150 kDa, that binds to TNF alpha and decreases its role in disorders involving excess inflammation in humans and other animals, including autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and, potentially, in a variety of other disorders mediated by excess TNFalpha. This product is for research use only.

Etigilimab Biosimilar – Anti-TIGIT, VSTM3 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1507

Description of Etigilimab Biosimilar - Anti-TIGIT, VSTM3 mAb - Research Grade Etigilimab Biosimilar – Anti-TIGIT, VSTM3 mAb – Research Grade: A Promising Antibody Targeting TIGIT for Cancer Immunotherapy Introduction Etigilimab Biosimilar, also known as Anti-TIGIT, VSTM3 mAb, is a promising antibody that has shown potential in cancer immunotherapy. This biosimilar is designed to target TIGIT, a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating immune response and tumor progression. In this article, we will discuss the structure, activity, and potential applications of Etigilimab Biosimilar in detail. Structure of Etigilimab Biosimilar Etigilimab Biosimilar is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that is produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is a humanized IgG1 antibody that specifically binds to TIGIT, a protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The antibody has a molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa and consists of two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains are composed of four constant domains (CH1, CH2, CH3, and CH4) and one variable domain (VH), while the light chains consist of two constant domains (CL) and one variable domain (VL). The variable domains are responsible for binding to TIGIT and initiating an immune response. Activity of Etigilimab Biosimilar TIGIT is a co-inhibitory receptor that is expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). It interacts with its ligands, CD155 and CD112, to suppress immune response and promote immune tolerance. This mechanism is exploited by cancer cells to evade detection and destruction by the immune system. Etigilimab Biosimilar works by blocking the interaction between TIGIT and its ligands, thereby releasing the brakes on the immune system and allowing it to mount an effective anti-tumor response. This antibody also has the ability to enhance the activity of other immune cells, such as NK cells and T cells, further strengthening the immune response against cancer cells. Applications of Etigilimab Biosimilar Etigilimab Biosimilar is being investigated as a potential treatment for various types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. It has shown promising results in preclinical studies, where it has been found to inhibit tumor growth and improve survival rates. In addition, this antibody has also been studied in combination with other cancer therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy, and has shown synergistic effects. Etigilimab Biosimilar is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced solid tumors and is expected to enter the market as a research grade antibody in the near future. Conclusion In summary, Etigilimab Biosimilar – Anti-TIGIT, VSTM3 mAb – Research Grade is a novel antibody that targets TIGIT, a protein involved in immune regulation and tumor progression. Its unique mechanism of action makes it a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy. The structure of this antibody, consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains, allows it to specifically bind to TIGIT and block its interaction with ligands. This leads to the activation of the immune system and the suppression of tumor growth. Etigilimab Biosimilar has shown promising results in preclinical studies and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. With further research and development, this antibody has the potential to become a valuable tool in the fight against cancer.

Etokimab Biosimilar – Anti-IL33 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1546

Description of Etokimab Biosimilar - Anti-IL33 mAb - Research Grade Introduction Etokimab is a biosimilar of the anti-IL33 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and is a potent therapeutic agent that has shown promising results in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. In this article, we will explore the structure, activity, and potential applications of Etokimab as a research-grade antibody. Structure of Etokimab Etokimab is a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets and binds to the cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33). It is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, each containing variable and constant regions. The variable regions of the antibody are responsible for binding to IL-33, while the constant regions determine the effector functions of the antibody. Activity of Etokimab As an anti-IL33 mAb, Etokimab works by blocking the activity of IL-33, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in various inflammatory diseases. IL-33 is known to activate immune cells such as mast cells, basophils, and Th2 cells, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and exacerbating the inflammatory response. By binding to IL-33, Etokimab prevents its interaction with its receptor, thus inhibiting the downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. Application of Etokimab Etokimab has shown great potential as a therapeutic agent for various inflammatory diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In preclinical studies, Etokimab has been shown to effectively reduce inflammation and improve disease symptoms in animal models of these diseases. Asthma Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide. IL-33 has been identified as a key player in the pathogenesis of asthma, and studies have shown that blocking IL-33 with Etokimab can significantly reduce airway inflammation and improve lung function in asthmatic patients. Atopic Dermatitis Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by itchy and inflamed skin. IL-33 has been found to be elevated in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, and blocking IL-33 with Etokimab has been shown to improve skin lesions and reduce inflammation in preclinical studies. Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling. IL-33 has been implicated in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis, and studies have shown that Etokimab can effectively reduce joint inflammation and improve joint function in animal models of the disease. Conclusion In summary, Etokimab is a promising research-grade antibody that targets IL-33, a key cytokine involved in various inflammatory diseases. Its structure as a humanized IgG1 mAb and its activity in blocking IL-33 make it a potential therapeutic option for diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Further clinical trials are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of Etokimab in these diseases.

Evinacumab Biosimilar – Anti-ANGPTL3 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1369

Description of Evinacumab Biosimilar - Anti-ANGPTL3 mAb - Research Grade General information on Anti-ANGPTL3[Homo sapiens] (Evinacumab) Monoclonal Antibody Evinacumab is a recombinant human IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting human angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3). The ANGPTL protein family has many physiological functions-including the regulation of lipid metabolism. It has been noted that the loss-of-function mutation of ANGPTL3 leads to hypolipidemia and subsequently reduces cardiovascular risk, while increased function seems to be related to cardiovascular risk. Evinacumab has been used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). It has been sold under the Evkeeza brand name.

Evolocumab Biosimilar – Anti-PCSK9 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1307

Description of Evolocumab Biosimilar - Anti-PCSK9 mAb - Research Grade General information on Anti-PCSK9[Homo sapiens] (Evolocumab) Monoclonal Antibody Evolocumab is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that binds to and prevents the binding of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). PCSK9 is a protein that binds to LDL receptors for degradation, thus reducing the liver’s activity of removal of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. It is used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Exbivirumab Biosimilar – Anti-HBV/HBsAg mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1188

Description of Exbivirumab Biosimilar - Anti-HBV/HBsAg mAb - Research Grade Introduction to Exbivirumab Biosimilar – Anti-HBV/HBsAg mAb Exbivirumab Biosimilar, also known as Anti-HBV/HBsAg mAb, is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its surface antigen (HBsAg). This biosimilar is a research grade version of the original Exbivirumab, which is a therapeutic antibody used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. In this article, we will explore the structure, activity, and potential applications of Exbivirumab Biosimilar. Structure of Exbivirumab Biosimilar Exbivirumab Biosimilar is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that is produced in mammalian cells. It is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, with a total molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa. The antibody has a Y-shaped structure, with two antigen-binding fragments (Fab) and one crystallizable fragment (Fc). The Fab region is responsible for binding to the HBV surface antigen, while the Fc region plays a role in immune effector functions. Activity of Exbivirumab Biosimilar Exbivirumab Biosimilar works by specifically targeting the HBV surface antigen, which is essential for the virus to enter and infect liver cells. The antibody binds to the HBsAg on the surface of the virus, preventing it from attaching to and infecting liver cells. This action not only blocks the spread of the virus but also helps in the clearance of infected cells by the immune system. In addition, Exbivirumab Biosimilar has been shown to have immune-modulating effects. It can activate the body’s immune system to produce cytokines and chemokines, which are important for fighting viral infections. This activity of the antibody can further enhance its antiviral effects and contribute to the overall clearance of the virus. Title: Potential Applications of Exbivirumab Biosimilar Exbivirumab Biosimilar has potential applications in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. It can be used as a monotherapy or in combination with other antiviral drugs to achieve a sustained virologic response. The biosimilar is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for its safety and efficacy in treating chronic hepatitis B. Moreover, Exbivirumab Biosimilar can also be used as a research tool for studying the mechanisms of hepatitis B infection and the immune response to the virus. Its ability to specifically target the HBV surface antigen makes it a valuable tool for studying the virus and developing new treatments. Conclusion Exbivirumab Biosimilar is a promising therapeutic antibody for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. Its specific targeting of the HBV surface antigen and immune-modulating effects make it a potent antiviral agent. In addition, its potential applications in research make it a valuable tool for studying hepatitis B and developing new treatments. With ongoing clinical trials, Exbivirumab Biosimilar has the potential to improve the management of chronic hepatitis B and potentially lead to a cure for this disease.

Faricimab Biosimilar – Anti-ANGPT2, VEGFA mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1501

Description of Faricimab Biosimilar - Anti-ANGPT2, VEGFA mAb - Research Grade About Faricimab biosimilar Faricimab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody. This antibody is especially part of the human immunoglobulin G1-kappa-lambda type. It is targeting angiopoetin 2 (ANGPT2) and Vascular Endothelial Growth factor A (VEGFA). Both of these factors play key roles in angiogenesis and endothelial development respectively. Angiopoetin 2 is essential for normal vascular development as VEGF-A, which is an endothelial cell mitogen. Angiopoetin 2 is involved especially in vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis, and is mostly expressed in endothelial cells. The expression of VEGF-A is shown to be up regulated in inflamed and vascularized human corneas. VEGF-A is therefore a target of choice to treat patients with retinal vascular diseases such as a retinal vein occlusion, Age related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema. Indeed, these diseases are caused by retinal ischemia and subsequent neovascularization. A research grade biosimilar Faricimab biosimilar is a humanized antibody based on on cross Mab technology. It is produced in mammalian cell line (Chinese Hamster Ovary -CHO) using a recombinant DNA technology. Proteogenix offer a product for research use only, not suitable for clinical or therapeutic use.

Farletuzumab Biosimilar – Anti-FOLR1 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1207

Description of Farletuzumab Biosimilar - Anti-FOLR1 mAb - Research Grade The Structure of Farletuzumab Biosimilar – Anti-FOLR1 mAb Farletuzumab Biosimilar, also known as Anti-FOLR1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), is a therapeutic antibody that specifically targets the folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) protein. It is a biosimilar version of the original Farletuzumab, which has been developed to have the same structure and function as the original antibody. The structure of Farletuzumab Biosimilar is similar to other monoclonal antibodies, consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains that are connected by disulfide bonds. The heavy chains are around 50 kDa in size and the light chains are around 25 kDa, resulting in a total molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains are responsible for the specificity of Farletuzumab Biosimilar, as they contain the antigen-binding sites that recognize and bind to the FOLR1 protein. The constant regions of the antibody are responsible for mediating the effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The Activity of Farletuzumab Biosimilar – Anti-FOLR1 mAb The main activity of Farletuzumab Biosimilar is to bind to the FOLR1 protein, which is overexpressed in various types of cancer cells. This binding leads to the inhibition of cancer cell growth and survival, making Farletuzumab Biosimilar a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. In addition to its direct anti-tumor activity, Farletuzumab Biosimilar also has the ability to activate the immune system through its effector functions. This can enhance the body’s natural defense mechanisms against cancer cells, leading to a more effective and targeted treatment approach. Studies have shown that Farletuzumab Biosimilar has a high affinity and specificity for FOLR1, making it a potent and selective therapeutic agent. It has also been shown to have low immunogenicity, meaning it is less likely to cause an immune response in patients. The Application of Farletuzumab Biosimilar – Anti-FOLR1 mAb Farletuzumab Biosimilar is currently being investigated as a potential treatment for various types of cancer, including ovarian, lung, and breast cancer. It is typically used in combination with other cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy, to enhance its anti-tumor effects. One of the main advantages of Farletuzumab Biosimilar is its biosimilarity to the original Farletuzumab, which has already been extensively studied in clinical trials. This allows for a faster and more streamlined development process, potentially leading to quicker availability of this therapeutic option for cancer patients. In addition to its potential as a cancer treatment, Farletuzumab Biosimilar is also being explored as a diagnostic tool. Due to its high specificity for FOLR1, it can be used to detect the presence of FOLR1 in cancer cells, allowing for more accurate and targeted diagnosis of certain types of cancer. In conclusion, Farletuzumab Biosimilar – Anti-FOLR1 mAb is a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. Its specific structure and activity make it a potent and selective agent, with the potential to enhance the body’s natural defense mechanisms against cancer cells. With ongoing research and clinical trials, Farletuzumab Biosimilar may soon become a valuable addition to the arsenal of cancer treatments.

Favezelimab Biosimilar – Anti-LAG3 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1838

Description of Favezelimab Biosimilar - Anti-LAG3 mAb - Research Grade Favezelimab Biosimilar: A Promising Anti-LAG3 Monoclonal Antibody for Cancer Therapy Introduction Favezelimab Biosimilar, also known as Anti-LAG3 mAb, is a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets the Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG3) protein. This protein is a cell surface receptor found on various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. LAG3 plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Favezelimab Biosimilar is a research-grade version of the therapeutic antibody and is currently in preclinical development for the treatment of various types of cancer. Structure of Favezelimab Biosimilar Favezelimab Biosimilar is a fully humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody, meaning it is derived from human genetic material and has a constant region of the heavy chain that is of the IgG1 isotype. This structure allows the antibody to effectively engage with the immune system and exert its therapeutic effects. The variable region of the antibody specifically binds to the LAG3 protein, preventing its interaction with its ligands and inhibiting downstream signaling pathways. Mechanism of Action The primary mechanism of action of Favezelimab Biosimilar is through the blockade of LAG3 signaling. LAG3 is known to negatively regulate T cell activation and function, and its overexpression has been linked to immune evasion and tumor progression in various cancers. By binding to LAG3, Favezelimab Biosimilar prevents its interaction with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and other ligands, leading to enhanced T cell activation and proliferation. This, in turn, promotes an anti-tumor immune response and helps to eradicate cancer cells. Applications of Favezelimab Biosimilar Favezelimab Biosimilar has shown promising results in preclinical studies for the treatment of different types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. It has also been evaluated in combination with other immunotherapies, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, and has demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity. The potential of Favezelimab Biosimilar as a cancer therapy has also been supported by its ability to induce immune memory, which can provide long-term protection against cancer recurrence. Advantages of Favezelimab Biosimilar Compared to other LAG3-targeting antibodies, Favezelimab Biosimilar has several advantages. Its fully humanized structure reduces the risk of immunogenicity and improves its efficacy in human patients. Additionally, its specificity for LAG3 allows for targeted therapy, minimizing potential off-target effects. Furthermore, Favezelimab Biosimilar has a long half-life, which allows for less frequent dosing and improved patient compliance. Future Directions The preclinical data for Favezelimab Biosimilar has been encouraging, and the antibody is now entering clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. These trials will evaluate the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of Favezelimab Biosimilar in different patient populations. If successful, Favezelimab Biosimilar has the potential to become a valuable addition to the current arsenal of cancer immunotherapies. Conclusion In summary, Favezelimab Biosimilar is a promising anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody with the potential to improve cancer treatment. Its unique structure, mechanism of action, and advantageous properties make it a valuable therapeutic candidate for various cancers. As research and clinical trials continue, Favezelimab Biosimilar may become a vital tool in the fight against cancer.

Fetrastobart Biosimilar – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA2479-100