Biosimilar Antibodies

Tesidolumab Biosimilar – Anti-C5 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1373

Description of Tesidolumab Biosimilar - Anti-C5 mAb - Research Grade General information on Anti-C5[Homo sapiens] (Tesidolumab) Monoclonal Antibody Tesidolumab has been investigated for the treatment of Geographic Atrophy, Non-infectious Panuveitis, Exudative Macular Degeneration, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, and Age-related Macular Degeneration

Tezepelumab Biosimilar – Anti-TSLP mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1399

Description of Tezepelumab Biosimilar - Anti-TSLP mAb - Research Grade General information on Anti-TSLP[Homo sapiens] (Tezepelumab) Monoclonal Antibody Tezepelumab is investigated in the treatment of Oral Corticosteroid Dependent Asthma.

Theralizumab Biosimilar – Anti-CD28 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1927

Description of Theralizumab Biosimilar - Anti-CD28 mAb - Research Grade Introduction Theralizumab Biosimilar, also known as Anti-CD28 mAb, is a research grade monoclonal antibody that has been developed as a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases. This antibody targets the CD28 protein, which is found on the surface of T cells and plays a crucial role in the activation and proliferation of these immune cells. In this article, we will delve into the structure, activity, and potential applications of Theralizumab Biosimilar. Structure of Theralizumab Biosimilar Theralizumab Biosimilar is a recombinant, fully humanized monoclonal antibody that is produced in a mammalian cell expression system. It is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, each of which is made up of approximately 450 amino acids. The antibody has a molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa and is a member of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class of antibodies. Activity of Theralizumab Biosimilar Theralizumab Biosimilar specifically targets the CD28 protein, which is a co-stimulatory molecule found on the surface of T cells. Upon binding to CD28, this antibody blocks the interaction between CD28 and its ligands, CD80 and CD86, which are expressed on antigen-presenting cells. This results in the inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation, leading to a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the suppression of immune responses. Applications of Theralizumab Biosimilar Theralizumab Biosimilar has shown potential in the treatment of various diseases, particularly those involving dysregulated immune responses. Some of the potential applications of this antibody are discussed below. 1. Autoimmune Diseases Theralizumab Biosimilar has shown promise in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. In these conditions, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. By inhibiting T cell activation, Theralizumab Biosimilar can help suppress the immune response and alleviate symptoms of these diseases. 2. Organ Transplantation Organ transplantation often requires the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. Theralizumab Biosimilar has the potential to be used as an alternative or adjunct to these drugs, as it can specifically target T cells without affecting other immune cells. This could potentially reduce the risk of infections and other side effects associated with traditional immunosuppressive therapies. 3. Cancer Immunotherapy The activation of CD28 on T cells is also involved in the anti-tumor immune response. Theralizumab Biosimilar has been studied as a potential immunotherapy for various types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, and lymphoma. By inhibiting CD28, this antibody can enhance the anti-tumor immune response and potentially improve the efficacy of other cancer treatments. 4. Infectious Diseases Theralizumab Biosimilar has also shown potential in the treatment of infectious diseases, particularly those caused by viruses. By inhibiting T cell activation, this antibody can help control the immune response and prevent excessive inflammation, which is often a major contributor to tissue damage in viral infections. Conclusion In conclusion, Theralizumab Biosimilar is a research grade monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the CD28 protein on T cells. By inhibiting T cell activation, this antibody has shown potential in the treatment of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, cancer, and infectious diseases. Further research and clinical trials are needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of Theralizumab Biosimilar and its role in the treatment of these diseases.

Tibulizumab Biosimilar – Anti-IL17A, TNFSF13B, CD257 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1494

Description of Tibulizumab Biosimilar - Anti-IL17A, TNFSF13B, CD257 mAb - Research Grade Introduction to Tibulizumab Biosimilar – Anti-IL17A, TNFSF13B, CD257 mAb – Research Grade Tibulizumab Biosimilar is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets three key molecules involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: IL17A, TNFSF13B, and CD257. This biosimilar is a highly effective therapeutic agent that has shown promising results in pre-clinical studies and is now being developed for use in clinical trials. In this article, we will explore the structure, activity, and potential applications of Tibulizumab Biosimilar in the field of immunology. Structure of Tibulizumab Biosimilar Tibulizumab Biosimilar is a fully human monoclonal antibody, meaning it is derived from human cells and has a high affinity for its target molecules. The antibody is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, which are connected by disulfide bonds. The variable regions of the antibody are responsible for binding to the specific targets, while the constant regions determine the effector functions of the antibody. Activity of Tibulizumab Biosimilar Tibulizumab Biosimilar targets three key molecules involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: IL17A, TNFSF13B, and CD257. IL17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. TNFSF13B, also known as B-cell activating factor (BAFF), is a cytokine that promotes the survival and maturation of B cells, which are involved in the production of antibodies. CD257, also known as B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), is a protein expressed on the surface of plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies. By targeting these three molecules, Tibulizumab Biosimilar inhibits the inflammatory response and suppresses the production of autoantibodies, thereby reducing disease activity and progression. In addition, the antibody can also induce the death of plasma cells, further reducing the production of autoantibodies. Potential Applications of Tibulizumab Biosimilar Tibulizumab Biosimilar has shown promising results in pre-clinical studies for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, treatment with Tibulizumab Biosimilar significantly reduced joint inflammation and bone destruction. In a mouse model of psoriasis, the antibody inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced skin inflammation. In a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus, Tibulizumab Biosimilar decreased disease activity and improved survival. In addition, Tibulizumab Biosimilar has the potential to be used in combination with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. For example, it has been shown to enhance the efficacy of methotrexate, a commonly used drug for rheumatoid arthritis, when used in combination. Conclusion In summary, Tibulizumab Biosimilar is a highly effective monoclonal antibody that targets three key molecules involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Its unique mechanism of action, which includes inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and inducing plasma cell death, makes it a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. With ongoing clinical trials, Tibulizumab Biosimilar has the potential to provide a new treatment option for patients suffering from these debilitating conditions.

Tilavonemab Biosimilar – Research Grade mAb, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1404-

Tilogotamab Biosimilar – Anti-TNFRSF10B mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1725

Description of Tilogotamab Biosimilar - Anti-TNFRSF10B mAb - Research Grade Tilogotamab Biosimilar – Anti-TNFRSF10B mAb – Research Grade Tilogotamab Biosimilar – Anti-TNFRSF10B mAb – Research Grade: A Promising Antibody for Targeting TNFRSF10B Introduction Tilogotamab Biosimilar is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically targets TNFRSF10B, also known as Death Receptor 5 (DR5). This biosimilar is a highly effective therapeutic agent that has shown promising results in preclinical studies and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this article, we will explore the structure, activity, and potential applications of Tilogotamab Biosimilar as an anti-TNFRSF10B mAb. Structure of Tilogotamab Biosimilar Tilogotamab Biosimilar is a fully human IgG1 mAb that is produced using recombinant DNA technology. It is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, each containing a variable region and a constant region. The variable region of the antibody is responsible for binding to TNFRSF10B, while the constant region determines the effector functions of the antibody. Mechanism of Action TNFRSF10B is a cell surface receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. It is expressed on the surface of various cancer cells and plays a crucial role in promoting tumor cell survival and proliferation. Tilogotamab Biosimilar binds to TNFRSF10B with high affinity and blocks its interaction with its ligand, TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand). This prevents the activation of downstream signaling pathways that promote tumor growth and survival, ultimately leading to tumor cell death. Application of Tilogotamab Biosimilar Targeting TNFRSF10B in Cancer Therapy Tilogotamab Biosimilar has shown promising results in preclinical studies as a potential anti- cancer therapy. It has been demonstrated to be effective against a wide range of tumor types, including breast, lung, colon, and pancreatic cancer. In addition, it has been shown to have synergistic effects when combined with other anti- cancer agents, making it a promising candidate for combination therapy. Research Grade Antibody for Studying TNFRSF10B Tilogotamab Biosimilar is also a valuable tool for studying TNFRSF10B in research settings. Its high specificity and affinity for TNFRSF10B make it a suitable antibody for detecting and quantifying the expression of this receptor in various cancer cell lines and tissues. It can also be used to investigate the role of TNFRSF10B in cancer progression and to identify potential therapeutic targets for drug development. Clinical Trials Tilogotamab Biosimilar is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of various solid tumors, including breast, lung, and ovarian cancer. The results from these trials have shown promising efficacy and safety profiles, and the biosimilar has been well-tolerated by patients. If successful, Tilogotamab Biosimilar has the potential to become a new treatment option for cancer patients. Conclusion Tilogotamab Biosimilar is a promising anti-TNFRSF10B mAb that has shown potential as a therapeutic agent in preclinical studies and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Its unique mechanism of action and high specificity make it a valuable tool for targeting TNFRSF10B in cancer therapy and research. With further development and clinical validation, Tilogotamab Biosimilar has the potential to become a valuable addition to the arsenal of anti- cancer agents.

Tilvestamab Biosimilar – Anti-AXL mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1608

Description of Tilvestamab Biosimilar - Anti-AXL mAb - Research Grade Introduction Tilvestamab Biosimilar, also known as Anti-AXL mAb, is a novel therapeutic antibody that has shown promising results in the treatment of various cancers. This biosimilar is a highly specific monoclonal antibody that targets the AXL receptor, a protein that is overexpressed in many cancer types. In this article, we will discuss the structure, activity, and potential applications of Tilvestamab Biosimilar in cancer treatment. Structure of Tilvestamab Biosimilar Tilvestamab Biosimilar is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that is derived from the original Tilvestamab antibody. It has a molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa and is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains consist of four constant domains (CH1, CH2, CH3, and CH4) and one variable domain (VH), while the light chains consist of two constant domains (CL) and one variable domain (VL). The variable domains are responsible for binding to the AXL receptor, while the constant domains provide stability and effector functions. The amino acid sequence of Tilvestamab Biosimilar is highly similar to the original Tilvestamab antibody, with only a few minor differences. These differences have been carefully selected to ensure that the biosimilar retains the same binding specificity and potency as the original antibody. Mechanism of Action Tilvestamab Biosimilar exerts its therapeutic effects by targeting the AXL receptor, a member of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL, and MER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. AXL is known to play a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis, making it an attractive therapeutic target. By binding to the AXL receptor, Tilvestamab Biosimilar blocks its activation and downstream signaling, leading to inhibition of tumor growth and spread. Moreover, Tilvestamab Biosimilar also has an immunomodulatory effect by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. This is achieved through the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) mechanisms, where immune cells are recruited to destroy cancer cells bound by the antibody. Potential Applications Tilvestamab Biosimilar has shown promising results in preclinical studies and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Some of the potential applications of this antibody include: Breast cancer: AXL is overexpressed in approximately 70% of breast cancer cases and is associated with poor prognosis. Tilvestamab Biosimilar has shown efficacy in inhibiting breast cancer cell growth and metastasis in preclinical studies. Lung cancer: AXL is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been linked to resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Tilvestamab Biosimilar has shown promising results in combination with other therapies in NSCLC models. Leukemia: AXL is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has been associated with treatment resistance and poor outcomes. Tilvestamab Biosimilar has shown potent anti-leukemic activity in preclinical studies and is being evaluated in clinical trials for AML treatment. In addition to these specific cancer types, Tilvestamab Biosimilar has also shown potential in other solid tumors, such as ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. Conclusion Tilvestamab Biosimilar is a highly specific and potent monoclonal antibody that targets the AXL receptor, a protein that is overexpressed in many cancer types. Its unique mechanism of action and potential applications make it a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Further clinical studies are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of this

Tiragolumab Biosimilar – Anti-TIGIT, VSIG9, VSTM3 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1487

Description of Tiragolumab Biosimilar - Anti-TIGIT, VSIG9, VSTM3 mAb - Research Grade Introduction Tiragolumab is a biosimilar antibody that targets the T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT) protein. It is also known as anti-TIGIT, VSIG9, VSTM3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and is used in research grade applications. This article will provide a scientific description of Tiragolumab, including its structure, activity, and potential applications. Structure of Tiragolumab Tiragolumab is a type of monoclonal antibody, which means it is a laboratory-produced protein that is designed to target a specific molecule in the body. It is a fully humanized IgG1 antibody, meaning it is derived from human cells and has a specific type of constant region called IgG1. This structure allows Tiragolumab to bind to its target, TIGIT, with high specificity and affinity. Activity of Tiragolumab TIGIT is a protein that is expressed on the surface of immune cells, including T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It is known to act as an immune checkpoint, meaning it regulates the activity of these cells. TIGIT binds to a protein called poliovirus receptor (PVR) on other cells, which can inhibit the function of T cells and NK cells. This can lead to a suppression of the immune response, which is beneficial in certain situations, such as during pregnancy or in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. However, in cancer, TIGIT can be overexpressed on tumor-infiltrating immune cells, leading to immune evasion and tumor progression. Tiragolumab works by binding to TIGIT, blocking its interaction with PVR and preventing the inhibitory signal. This allows for the activation and function of T cells and NK cells, which can then mount an effective immune response against cancer cells. In addition, Tiragolumab can also promote the activation of dendritic cells, which are important for initiating an immune response. Applications of Tiragolumab Tiragolumab is currently being investigated in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic agent for various types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck cancer, and ovarian cancer. It is being evaluated both as a monotherapy and in combination with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and other immunotherapies. In addition to its potential as a cancer treatment, Tiragolumab also has potential applications in other diseases where TIGIT plays a role, such as autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. It may also have a role in combination with other immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, to enhance their effectiveness. Conclusion Tiragolumab is a biosimilar antibody that targets TIGIT, a protein involved in immune regulation. Its structure as a fully humanized IgG1 antibody allows for high specificity and affinity for its target. By blocking the inhibitory signal of TIGIT, Tiragolumab can promote the activation and function of immune cells, making it a potential therapeutic agent for cancer and other diseases. Further research and clinical trials are needed to fully understand the potential of Tiragolumab in various applications.

Tislelizumab Biosimilar – Anti-PDCD1, PD1, CD279 mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1479

Description of Tislelizumab Biosimilar - Anti-PDCD1, PD1, CD279 mAb - Research Grade Introduction Tislelizumab Biosimilar, also known as Anti-PDCD1, PD1, CD279 mAb, is a monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor. This biosimilar is a research grade version of the original Tislelizumab, which is an FDA-approved therapeutic antibody used in the treatment of various cancers. In this article, we will discuss the structure, activity, and potential applications of Tislelizumab Biosimilar. Structure of Tislelizumab Biosimilar Tislelizumab Biosimilar is a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains are made up of four constant regions (CH1, CH2, CH3, and CH4) and one variable region (VH), while the light chains consist of one constant region (CL) and one variable region (VL). The variable regions of both the heavy and light chains are responsible for binding to the PD-1 receptor. Activity of Tislelizumab Biosimilar The primary mechanism of action of Tislelizumab Biosimilar is through its binding to the PD-1 receptor. PD-1 is a cell surface receptor that is expressed on T cells and plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response. When PD-1 binds to its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, it inhibits the activity of T cells, leading to a decrease in immune response. This mechanism is known as immune checkpoint inhibition. Tislelizumab Biosimilar works by blocking the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, thereby preventing the inhibitory signal and allowing T cells to remain active and attack cancer cells. This leads to an enhanced immune response against cancer cells, ultimately resulting in their destruction. Applications of Tislelizumab Biosimilar Tislelizumab Biosimilar has shown promising results in preclinical studies and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of various types of cancer, including lung cancer, bladder cancer, and liver cancer. As a research grade version, it is primarily used in laboratory settings to study the effects of PD-1 inhibition on the immune response and cancer cells. In addition to its potential as a therapeutic antibody, Tislelizumab Biosimilar also has applications in research and development of other immune checkpoint inhibitors. By studying its structure and activity, scientists can gain a better understanding of the PD-1 pathway and its role in cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion In summary, Tislelizumab Biosimilar is a research grade monoclonal antibody that targets the PD-1 receptor and blocks its inhibitory signal. Its structure, activity, and potential applications make it a valuable tool in the study of cancer immunotherapy and the development of new treatments. Further research and clinical trials are needed to fully understand the potential of Tislelizumab Biosimilar in the treatment of cancer.

Tixagevimab Biosimilar – Anti-Covid Spike RBD mAb – Research Grade, ProteoGenix, PX-TA1032

Description of Tixagevimab Biosimilar - Anti-Covid Spike RBD mAb - Research Grade Tixagevimab is a monoclonal antibody targeting spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This humanized biosimilar belong to the family of immunoglobulin G1- type. Tixagevimab has been recently approved by FDA and EMA to be used in emergency as prophylactic treatment against COVID-19 in association with cilgavimab. About the Spike protein The spike protein is a transmembrane viral fusion protein. Spike has a homotrimeric structure and each monomere is composed of two subunits: S1 and S2. The S1 part is carrying the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), and the S2 part is responsible of the fusion of the virus with the cellular membrane. The RBD Part of S1 is binding the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the organism. A research grade biosimilar Tixagevimab biosimilar is a humanized antibody based on cross Mab technology. It is produced in mammalian cell line (Chinese Hamster Ovary -CHO) using a recombinant DNA technology. Proteogenix offer a product for research use only, not suitable for clinical or therapeutic use Proteogenix launched a panel of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike and the nucleocapsid. Each of them can recognize specifically SARS-CoV-2 antigens without cross reactivity with other human coronaviruses. Neutralizing antibodies are very promising in antiviral defense against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.